The social constructionist approach to ethnicity sees it as something created by society, not something fixed. It divides people into groups based on things like how they look, their culture, and their ancestry. In 1997, Jenkins explained four main points about ethnicity: (a) it focuses on cultural differences, (b) it is based on culture, (c) it can change and be shaped, and (d) it is both a personal and group identity, influenced by how others see us and how we see ourselves.
The meanings of ethnicity and group identities change as situations change. Cultural traditions that define ethnic boundaries are often “invented” or chosen based on current needs or goals. Hobsbawm and Ranger argue that these traditions are shaped by what is happening in society at the time. For example, certain cultural practices may be highlighted to strengthen a group’s identity during a period of conflict or change. So, ethnicity can evolve over time.
Sociology IGNOU.